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Showing posts with label International Affairs. Show all posts
Showing posts with label International Affairs. Show all posts

Monday, 8 September 2014

What's in the Headline?




Saboteur arrested at Iranian nuclear power plant 

Iranian authorities have arrested a Ukrainian national suspected of sabotage at the country's sole nuclear power plant. An Iranian newspaper, Hamshahri daily, said the "Ukrainian expert" was affiliated with a Russian contractor that works in the power plant. The report did not elaborate on the timing or nature of the alleged sabotage. Iran suspects Western countries of being involved in this plot. In 2010 Iran held Israel and the west responsible for cyber virus attacks which disrupted thousands of centrifuges, which are used in the production of fuel. The west and their allies suspect that Iran is using its power plant as a guise for a nuclear weapons programme.

UN inspectors have gained rare access to an Iranian nuclear facility, giving them a "better understanding" of Tehran's disputed programme. Despite the visit Iran continues to refuse an inspection headed by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Inspectors visited a research and development centre for centrifuges on 30 August. Iran says it will use it’s refined uranium to fuel a proposed series of power plants. If enriched to a high concentration of the U-235 isotope of uranium can also be turned into the explosive core of an atomic bomb. There is no evidence that Iran is planning to weaponise the uranium, but western countries continue to impose sanctions on Iran. 

Friday, 5 September 2014

NATO Summit 2014



Newport, the third-biggest city in Wales, is this year’s home for the annual NATO summit. Barack Obama, David Cameron and 59 other world leaders will convene in Newport’s Celtic Manor Hotel.
Anti-war protesters were welcomed by the police and were appreciated for carrying out mostly peaceful demonstrations. Memories of violence from previous NATO summits meant police were not taking any chances. Metal barriers were used to prevent protesters from reaching the Celtic Manor resort, and police greatly outnumbered protesters.

An armoured personnel carrier, a tank and an F-35 life-sized model were on display in the Celtic Manor golf resort. A Ministry of Defence (MoD) spokesman said that the displays were intended to showcase British defence capability as well as the country's defence industry.

Eastern European NATO members, including Poland, have appealed to NATO to permanently station troops on their territory to deter possible Russian attack. But not all NATO members agreed with the idea. This is thought to be because of expenses involved and this move would likely breach a 1997 agreement with Russia under which NATO committed to not permanently station large combat forces close to the Russian border. Leaders have agree instead to provide caches of military equipment and resources, in eastern NATO countries with bases ready to receive the rapid reaction force in times needed.

NATO's top official accused Moscow on Thursday of attacking Ukraine, and escalating the conflict. France is to suspend delivery of a state-of-the-art Mistral warship to Russia in protest at Moscow's continued role in unrest in eastern Ukraine. Speaking on the side lines of a NATO summit in Wales, Poroshenko said the ceasefire would be conditional on a planned meeting going ahead in Minsk on Friday of envoys from Ukraine, Russia and Europe's OSCE security watchdog. Poroshenko "At 1400 local time (12:00 noon BST on Friday), provided the (Minsk) meeting takes place, I will call on the General Staff to set up a bilateral ceasefire and we hope that the implementation of the peace plan will begin tomorrow," he told reporters. Oleg Tsaryov, a senior rebel official “in the past we had some ceasefire agreements Poroshenko didn't honour"

Prime Minister David Cameron has warned fellow NATO leaders that they must not pay the requested ransoms to terrorist kidnappers. It comes after he said Britain will not pay a ransom for the UK hostage who Islamic State extremists (IS) are threatening to kill. IS are threatening the life of British aid worker David Cawthorne Haines who has been taken hostage. Nato Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen said: "I do believe the international community as a whole has an obligation to stop the Islamic State from advancing further."


How to stabilize Afghanistan when NATO forces leave at the year's end will also be up for discussion at the summit. Officials have commented that NATO leaders will set up a "spearhead" rapid reaction force, potentially including several thousand troops, that could be sent to a hotspot in as little as two days. 

Friday, 22 August 2014

We’ve heard of Global Warming, but what the hell is Global Dimming?



We should all now be aware of the concept of climate change. Not only has it become part of mainstream science but its claim to impending global catastrophe has given the theory a very distinctive role in mainstream politics. We have been taught that the increase in atmospheric CO2 produced by man-made and natural causes has the potential to prevent solar energy from escaping into space, resulting in higher global temperatures known as the greenhouse effect. The theory of global warming is accepted worldwide; encouraging businesses to take corporate responsibility for their carbon emissions and has been a catalyst for international organisations such as the Center for Climate and Energy Solutions. What we pay less attention to is the other climate phenomenon that appears to be opposing the effects of Global warming.

The particles released into the atmosphere from centuries of burning coal, oil and wood have combined with water droplets in clouds; by acting as a base the airborne particulates made up of soot, ash, and sulphur compounds encourage more water droplets to form in clouds.

The clouds formed from the particle and water droplet combination have been slowly reducing the amount of sun that reaches the earth’s surface by reflecting solar rays back into space. This is happening at a rate of roughly 2% every 10 years.

Global dimming was first discovered by Gerry Stanhill, an English climate scientist carrying out research in Israel. Stanhill was comparing Israel’s recordings of sunlight in the 1950s with more recent ones. Stanhill found that there was a decrease in sunlight by 22%. He published his research in 2001 but other climate scientists were sceptical of his results. It was not until years later when a team of Australian scientists confirmed Stanhill’s findings when they reached the same conclusions using a different method.

Experts in climate science have not been able to rule out that natural weather variations have contributed to global dimming, but there are strong correlations between the intensity of cloud cover and trends in atmospheric pollution.

In some locations such as Lerwick, UK no dimming has been recorded whereas continuous dimming has been observed in Hong Kong. Industrial activity in the UK diminished a number of decades ago and the vast majority of Industry relocated to countries like China and India. 

Although the two climate processes have so far been apposing each other. Global dimming is a danger to us. Anup Shah who writes for Global Issues wrote “The pollutants that lead to global dimming also lead to various human and environmental problems, such as smog, respiratory problems, and acid rain.” The reflective clouds produced by global dimming shield the oceans from the sun’s radiation, making waters in the northern hemisphere much cooler. Cooler oceans mean less water evaporation and, in a cruel twist of irony, the poor water evaporation generates a reduced amount of water vapour. Global dimming may be disrupting global weather patterns and is likely responsible for the 1970s and 80s African droughts which claimed hundreds of thousands of lives. 

"My main concern is global dimming is also having a detrimental impact on the Asian monsoon . . . We are talking about billions of people." Prof Veerhabhadran Ramanathan, one of the world's leading climate scientists.

The dimming effect of increased cloud cover is likely to be cancelling out a proportion of the greenhouse effect introduced by growing global CO2 emissions.  However as the international community has encouraged the reduction of pollutants, the shielding effect of global dimming will also be reduced and the planet may begin to observe the greatly amplified effects of global warming. Many countries in Europe have taken steps to reduce their pollutant producing emissions, but reducing air pollution may have tipped the scale in Global warming’s favour and resulted in the 2003 European heatwave. The surge in temperatures created forest fires in Portugal and killed thousands in France.

In short, the burning of fossil fuels and a geographical shift and intensification of industrial activity has contributed to two unstable environmental phenomenon; global warming and global dimming. The two have mostly cancelled each other out, but if climate science and international policy are to combat one they must combat both or we risk further upsetting the balance and causing irreversible damage to the planet and our way of life.

References
Clark, D (2012) What is Global Dimming?, The Guardian, accessed 15/08/2014 [Online] available from: http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2012/may/11/global-dimming-pollution
Conserve Energy Future (2014) What is Global Dimming?, accessed 15/08/2014 [Online] available from: http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-and-effects-of-global-dimming.php
Haywood, J (2013) Global Dimming, Met Office, accessed 15/08/2014 [Online] available from: http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate-change/guide/science/explained/dimming
Horizon (2005) Global Dimming, BBC, accessed 15/08/2014 [Online] available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/sn/tvradio/programmes/horizon/dimming_prog_summary.shtml

Shah, A (2005) Global Dimming, Global Issues, accessed 15/08/2014 [Online] available from: http://www.globalissues.org/article/529/global-dimming

Monday, 18 August 2014

What's in the Headlines?



Suicide Bomber attacks U.N. base in Mali

Two U.N. peacekeepers were killed and nine others injured in a suicide attack on a patrol base in northern Mali. MINUSMA (the UN Multidimensional Stabilisation Mission in Mali) official said that both the soldiers who died were from neighbouring Burkina Faso. A pick-up truck laden with explosives drove into the UN camp in Ber, 50km (30 miles) east of Timbuktu, on Saturday. Eye witness "There was no checkpoint. The bomber was able to drive the vehicle right into the camp, among the tents, before blowing himself up."
It comes after three other international peacekeepers - two Bangladeshi, one Chadian - were injured when their vehicles drove over mines in two separate incidents at the end of last week.

Troops from former colonial power France intervened in Mali last year in an attempt to drive back Islamists who had taken advantage of an uprising in the north of the West African country.

There have so far been three weeks of talks between the Malian government and Tuareg separatist rebels in July and August, which were mediated by the Algerian government. Talks aimed at drawing up a road map for peace are due to resume in September.

Source:


Friday, 15 August 2014

A Guide to Legitimate Descent





Protests are used as a means to voice an opinion that may otherwise go unheard. Demonstrating in the street is not the only way to achieve this goal. Some people prefer to use music and the arts to get their point across. Others, such as myself, use the written word but it really doesn’t matter what median you choose as long as it is effective and authentic. Our world needs people to express their opinions, it is an essential part of any human society because it is a means for change, and like good Heraclitus said “The only thing that is constant is change.”

We now have unprecedented access to the internet where we can sign e-petitions, join all manners of message boards, and participate in group discussions on social media websites. But nothing makes a statement like 100,000 people parading through the heart of a city holding pickets covered in colourful slogans, while chanting, and pissing off the regular commuters. You may be reading this thinking back to a time when those damned protesters disrupted your travel plans, but that’s kind of the point. You are supposed to take notice. How else are you going to find out that this many people oppose David Cameroon’s latest ridiculous policy? From a biased news organisation that has its own agenda (Future proprietors, don’t let this affect my employment chances)? If it does nothing else it makes you wonder, if these people feel so strongly about it that they are willing to call in sick to participate, than maybe not everything is as it seems.

In most countries there is no law banning the peaceful assembly of a group, there may be instances where activist groups are asked to inform the authorities if they are planning a demonstration, but I always figured that these are situations of "We are informing you as required, but this is going ahead whether you like it or not." unless there is a potential for a major public disturbance than the right-to-protest point of view should very well be exercised.  

What about when a protest group is confronted by an opposition group? Surely both sides have the right to voice their opinions, but this meeting of the minds contains within it the potential for violence. In these instances it might be reasonable to disperse an opposing group. This would not be a breach of their right to assemble but a precaution to avoid a very dangerous situation. There have been occasions where attempts to separate groups with opposing ideals have been unsuccessful; The English Defence League often come up against United Against Fascism but of course both groups have a right to voice their opinions; the Euro maiden demonstrations in Ukraine that managed to oust former President Viktor Yanukovych later met resistance against pro-Russian groups and has now escalated into a bloody civil war.

On many occasions in the last decade, we have seen a number of struggles reach a point where violence increases on both sides and the stakes are dramatically raised. The intensification turns one side into rebels, freedom fighters, or terrorists depending on their political alignment, and bears characteristics common with rapid destabilization of social services, infrastructure and a peaceful way of life. The Arab Spring was triggered by Tunisian fruit vendor Mohamed Bouazizi, who set himself on fire after harassment by government officials. The region wide conflict that followed has shown us what can result from a socio-political movement given the right atmosphere.

After witnessing the events of the past few years it is quite clear that demonstrations can go very wrong (or very right depending on your perspective), however the examples discussed cannot be used as justification to take away a person’s right to seek alternatives. The examples definitely do not justify law enforcement treating demonstrators as criminals. During the Toronto G20 in 2010 over 1000 people were arrested for various disturbance charges. 1000 arrests make it seem like the protesters were breaking all kinds of laws but it turned out that only a few dozen were actually convicted. This sounds more like Marshall Law rather than police upholding order.  Do the Police have the ability to enact Marshall Law in times of mass protest? Some authorities seem to have the ability to call an act into effect when they feel it is necessary. So the evidence would point to a possible yes.

An example of this would be during the 2011 demonstrations in Montreal, when on many occasions the police chose to call the assemblies unlawful and went on to threaten that if the crowd did not disperse participants would be arrested. What the police failed to realise was that these people weren't going anywhere, and they knew the Police did not have legitimate grounds for arrest, so instead the authorities adopted tactics of violence and intimidation. The protesters acted in kind.  
    
Before you misunderstand me, this is no anti-law enforcement rant. In a lot of cases, police have no choice but to use violence on protesters. Now that isn't because they must match violence with violence, but it’s due to the orders that have been passed down through the chain of command. Intentional intimidation is the state’s response to large groups of people who are preaching an alternative way of life. The suppression of change is a way of maintaining order, and it is done by downplaying a demonstration as a rabble of angry hooligans with nothing better to do.  

Don’t ever be afraid to pursue alternatives and ask hard questions. Change has to start somewhere.


References:

STEVE LEVINE (2013) 10 Reasons Why Everyone Is Protesting, Accesses 17/07/14 [Online] Available from: http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/07/10-reasons-why-everyone-is-protesting/277470/

Patparazzi aka Eye of the City (2012) "Droit de Cité" - Where is our right to protest going? Youtube, Accesses 09/07/14 [Online] Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=92VH01UqZA4

Press For Truth (2011) Into the Fire, Youtube, Accesses 12/07/14 [Online] Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zejD0UkMGGY

Monday, 11 August 2014

What's in the Headlines?



Ebola


The death toll mounted to more than 961 individuals, with nearly 30 deaths occurring on Tuesday and Wednesday alone. Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and most recently Nigeria have been effected by the most severe outbreak since the virus was discovered. The World Health Organisation have asked leaders of effected countries to activate national disaster mechanisms. Director-General Dr. Margaret Chan said that Ebola “is an infectious disease which can be contained . . . by no means implies that all countries, or that many countries, will see Ebola cases."

The US Food and Drug Administration has lifted regulatory holds on the experimental drug that Tekmira Pharmaceuticals has been developing for Ebola outbreaks. The experimental drug has shown the ability to protect non-human primates from Ebola. Human trials began in January, however full FDA approval is yet to be given.

The two US aid workers who contracted Ebola remain in isolation in Atlanta. Officials say they have been given an experimental drug known as ZMapp. The health of the two aid workers is said to be improving. Returning aid workers who have worked in Ebola affected countries are being placed in a three week quarantine by Health Officials in North Carolina. 


What's in the Headlines?



Iraq

Obama has announced that the US is committed to intervention efforts in Iraq, favouring tactical air strikes over troop deployment. The US have felt it necessary to halt the activities of Islamic State fighters who have gained a reputation for killing civilians. Reports on Saturday suggested that forces from the Islamic State crossed into Lebanon from Syria.

The US have also taken a leadership role in delivering relief to civilians fleeing Islamic State fighters. 72 bundles of supplies, including more than 3,800 gallons of water and more than 16,000 packaged meals have been supplied so far. British military have so far stuck to a humanitarian role by providing airships to deliver relief to civilians. 


The Kurds of northern Iraq have taken in up to 1.2 million refugees since June. They have shown their support of the US intervention and have urged Obama not to let up in air strikes. The Guardian is following the story as there have been reports the US is planning to arm the Kurdish fighters. 

What's in the Headlines?



Israel - Gaza

Egypt proposed another 72 hour ceasefire between Gaza and Israel on Sunday night. A previous three day ceasefire ended on Friday as negotiations in Cairo failed. Hamas has demanded the lifting of the Israel-Egypt blockade on Gaza and the release of around 100 political prisoners held by Israel. Israel demands that Hamas disarm. Hamas has threatened escalation of rocket attacks if demands are not met and in response Israel have said that they will not negotiate while under fire. 

Earlier this week Israel pulled its ground troops from Gaza as their operation to demolish Hamas’s underground tunnel network was ‘accomplished'. 

20,000 people protested Israel’s military action in London on Saturday 9th August. Demonstrations also took place in Manchester, Edinburgh and Dublin. 

Death toll: approximately 1900 Palestinians, 67 Israelis (3 of which are civilians). Over 220,000 Palestinians have been displaced since the beginning of the conflict.


Friday, 8 August 2014

The situation unfolding in Gaza and Ukraine

Irish Senator David Norris shares his views on the situation currently unfolding in Gaza and Ukraine


Why Should People Care?

A good friend of mine often likes to play the devil’s advocate in discussions about current events and international affairs. He once asked the question, why are these matters important in our daily lives? Of course, this could be asked about many things that people discuss and take interests in, but he has a point; why should the average person care about matters that are likely out of their control?

A question of this magnitude might generate responses in the context of; information empowering the masses, and ignorance being the lazy man’s form of consent. I believe that our obsession with gathering information about our surrounding all a part of human development. We use information about our world to expand our intelligence and without this stimulation we stagnate.  

We have entered a juncture in human existence where our collective intelligence will determine the future of this planet, it is both our right and privilege to inform ourselves of what we could accomplish.

“In the age of information, ignorance is a choice.”

- Donny Miller