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Friday 5 December 2014

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The Niger Delta suffers another oil spill

The Niger delta has experienced another oil spill from one of Shells pipelines. Local environmental activists have said that it ranks as one of the worst in Nigeria for years.

The late November spill happened in Okolo Launch on Bonny Island. According to an investigation by shell and government officials 3,800 barrels have spilled recently, but 1,200 barrels had been recovered as of Tuesday.

In spite of efforts to manage the spill, vast quantities of oil have reached the shore and have started to have an adverse effect on the fragile ecosystem. "We saw dead fish, dead crabs ... This spill occurred 7-8 nautical miles from the shore ... so the volume runs into thousands of barrels," Alagoa Morris, head of the Niger Delta Resource Center for Environmental Rights Action

20 million people and 40 different ethnic groups inhabit areas of the delta, it is the largest wetland in Africa and contains one of the highest concentrations of biodiversity on the planet. The unique ecosystem also has more species of freshwater fish than any ecosystem in West Africa.

Shell has placed the blame for the spill on failed crude theft, and claims that over the last five years 70 percent of all oil spills have been the result of sabotage.

However, Shell has recently been held accountable for the environmental damage caused by a 2011 oil leak in the offshore Bonga oil field, this incident saw nearly 40 thousand barrels of oil drained into the sea. The Nigerian parliament determined that Shell must pay nearly 4 billion dollars (3.2 billion euros).


In a recent investigation Amnesty International revealed that Shell has repeatedly made false claims about the size and impact of two major oil spills at Bodo in Nigeria that happened back in 2008. The aim of the company was to minimize its compensation payments for the damage caused to 15,000 people whose livelihoods were devastated by oil pollution. In a high-profile compensation case in England’s High Court, Shell did confirm that the two spills had been far greater than the previously believed. Yet Shell did not give a revised figure, which now stands at 4,144 barrels.

Friday 21 November 2014

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China strengthens relationship with Pakistan  

The Chinese government has promised $45.6 billion (29.1 billion pounds) that will be used to finance energy and infrastructure projects in Pakistan.

The China-Pak Economic Corridor (CPEC) project will take place over the next six years. The project is likely to strengthen an already robust relationship between the two states, while also providing a much needed energy source for Pakistan as well as strategic and economic value for China.

“Pakistan and China, both nuclear-armed nations, consider each other close friends. Their ties are underpinned by common wariness of India and a desire to hedge against U.S. influence in South Asia.” - Reuters

Pakistan's minister for water and power Khawaja Asif said "Pakistan will not be taking on any more debt through these projects," China’s banks will be loaning money to Chinese companies to invest in the projects.

China will be developing Gwadar port which is in a strategically important location close to the Strait of Hormuz, a key oil shipping lane that could secure the transportation of oil from the Gulf States, across Pakistan, and into western China. The route will bypass India. Although allies India and China are still economic competitors.


Khawaja Asif  went on to say "In total we will add 16,000 MW of electricity through coal, wind, solar and hydroelectric plants in the next seven years and reduce power shortage by 4,000 to 7,000 megawatts," 

Friday 24 October 2014

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Mexican mayor and wife suspected involvement in disappearance of 43 students

Protesters stormed and set fire to the main government building in Iguala, Mexico on Wednesday as anger continues to mount over the failure of authorities to locate 43 students who have been missing since September 26.

As the attack on the town hall occurred, Mexican federal police forces, which have been in charge of public safety since the September attacks, were nowhere to be found.

Attorney general Jesús Murillo Karam said there was clear evidence that José Luis Abarca, the mayor of Iguala, ordered local police to target the students who are from a teacher training college in Ayotzinapa. The students had travelled to nearby Iguala to protest against what they said were discriminatory hiring practices, and to collect funds for their college.

However, the mayor knew of the student’s intentions and had local police intercept them because he feared they would disrupt a speech by his wife, Maria de los Angeles Pineda. Mr Murillo Karam said police officers testified that they had been told to intercept the students "on the mayor's orders". The local police have been accused of firing upon the three buses carrying the students, killing six. Eyewitnesses described seeing the remaining 43 students being bundled into police cars.

Mr Murillo Karam said the police then handed the students over to a local drug trafficking group, known as Guerreros Unidos, who took them to an area where mass graves have since been discovered. The leader of Guerreros Unidos, Sidronio Casarrubias, was arrested last week and told police that the mayor’s wife María de los Angeles Pineda was the group’s “main operator within city hall”.


Abarca requested leave from his post following the incident on 26 September and neither he nor his wife or the town's police chief, Felipe Flores have been seen since.

What's in the Headline?




China’s mission to the moon

Beijing has launched the third phase of its lunar exploration program. The spacecraft was launched from the LC2 launch complex of the Xichang Satellite Launch Center, Sichuan Province at 1800UTC. The mission, dubbed Chang’e-5-T1, is to head into Lunar Transfer Orbit (LTO), before performing a flyby around the Moon and re-enter the Earth’s atmosphere and landing after a 9 day flight, , the State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence (SASTIND) said in a statement.

The mission will be used to test technology that will be used in China’s unmanned 2017 mission to land on the moon to gather lunar samples. China currently has a rover, the Jade Rabbit, on the surface of the moon which was launched as part of the Chang'e-3 lunar mission late last year, and has been declared a success by Chinese authorities. The military-run project has plans for a permanent orbiting station by 2020 and eventually to send a human to the moon.


Beijing sees its multi-billion-dollar space programme as a marker of its rising global stature and mounting technical expertise, as well as evidence of the ruling Communist Party's success in turning around the fortunes of the once poverty-stricken nation.

Friday 17 October 2014

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Fall in crude prices may push Russia into a recession

Russia's ruble currency has hit yet another record low on the back of plummeting oil prices. The price of crude oil has fallen 15% in the past three months and is at its lowest in four years. Higher output coupled with weaker demand from China and Europe has driven the price of crude down to $85. The US also now produces 65% more oil than it did five years ago following the increase in shale production. Russia obtains more than half its budget revenue from oil and gas, making its economy vulnerable to oil price changes.

On Wednesday Russia's central bank announced that it would sell $50 billion in foreign currency auctions, this move would help the banking sector pay back its dollar and euro debts and try to ease the ruble's volatility. The central bank has already spent almost $7 billion this month propping up the ruble.

Timur Nigmatullin, a macroeconomic analyst at Investcafe, argued that relatively high oil prices in the first half of the year, when prices were above $100 a barrel, would compensate for the lower prices now. Nigmatullin believes that the government would seek to mitigate the country’s worsening economic situation by borrowing, reducing expenditures and spending money from the reserve fund built up when oil prices were higher. But all these have negative effects, notably rising debt servicing costs and reduced popularity for the government, he said.


Economists have warned that if the oil price does not improve, Russia could face a recession in 2016 or even earlier. Russian recession may impact Putin’s popularity with the country’s business elite. Konstantin Sonin, a professor at the Higher School of Economics, said the falling oil price would lead to spending cuts that could set off alarm bells among business leaders. "The elite is now realizing what these achievements cost," Sonin said, referring to Putin's annexation of Crimea and support for the separatist state in eastern Ukraine.

Friday 10 October 2014

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Clashes erupt on Turkey’s streets, at least 31 people killed


At least 31 people have been killed and 360 others wounded in four days of violent protests in Turkey by Kurdish demonstrators. The demonstrators are frustrated by the government's lack of action to save the Syrian town of Kobane from a jihadist militant takeover.

Police used tear gas, rubber bullets and water cannons against a students in Ankara, namely those protesting in support of Syrian Kurds in Kobani at the Middle Eastern Technical University (ODTÜ) campus and at Ankara University. At least 25 people have been detained. Turkish troops and tanks were deployed to restore order. Curfews were imposed in five provinces.

However, the curfew was broken in the southeastern province of Gaziantep on Thursday night when clashes broke out between pro-Kurdish activists and their opponents. The rival groups attacked each other with pistols, rifles and axes, leaving at least 20 people injured.
Kurdish forces say they have stalled the advance of Islamic State (IS) militants in the town after more American airstrikes overnight.

Turkish forces are standing by near Kobane but the government in Ankara has refused to send them into action, or to establish a safe corridor to ferry fighters and supplies to the besieged Kurdish fighters. Foreign minister Mevlut Cavusoglu commented on the situation "It is not realistic to expect Turkey to conduct a ground operation on its own,"


Washington has suggested that Ankara is not pulling it’s own weight, but the Turkish government resents this. Cavusoglu went on to say that "We are holding talks ... Once there is a common decision, Turkey will not hold back from playing its part."

Monday 29 September 2014

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Creator of WWW calls for internet Magna Carter

Sir Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide Web has called for a revolutionary bill of rights to guaranty the web’s independence. Berners-Lee believes that an internet version of the Magna Carta is necessary to seize power back from governments and private corporations who seek to control the web for their own gain. The British computer scientist has always been a vocal critic of attempts to infringe on the impartiality and neutrality of the web and argues that it must retain its democratic nature.

"Suddenly the power to abuse the open internet has become so tempting both for government and big companies." He told the audience at the Web We Want festival in London.  "If a company can control your access to the internet, if they can control which websites they go to, then they have tremendous control over your life . . . If a government can block you going to, for example, the opposition's political pages, then they can give you a blinkered view of reality to keep themselves in power.”


When Berners-Lee created the World Wide Web, he dreamed of a neutral space where humanity, with all of its “ghastly stuff,” would be free to be itself. "Closed content silos are walling off information posted by their users from the rest of the web. High costs and lack of locally relevant content, especially in the developing world, still exclude the majority of the world's people from the web's global conversation." It is believed that the only information that should be kept off the web relates to things that were illegal before the web, and remain illegal now – such as “child pornography, fraud, telling someone how to rob a bank,” and the like.

Friday 26 September 2014

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Drug Trafficking and Prostitution boost Spain’s GDP by €9 billion

Spain has decided to include illegal activities such as drug trafficking and prostitution into the country’s gross domestic product. On Thursday the country lifted its GDP figures for 2013 by €26.19 billion to €1.05 trillion thanks to the inclusion of such activities and also from contributions of research and development and military armament. 0.35% of Spain’s newly calculated GDP comes from prostitution and 0.50% of it from drug trafficking, amounting to €9 billion, and reducing
the country’s debt ratio of 98.9 percent to 96.4 percent.

The Spanish national statistics agency, the INE, calculated that in 2011 Spain was home to 300,000 prostitutes and used this number to calculate how much they made in consultation with sex clubs. The quantity of drugs seized in 2014 was estimated as a percentage of the whole illegal drugs industry and used to evaluate it. According to figures from the Government Delegation of National Plan on Drugs cannabis is the most popular substance used in Spain with figures reaching 27.4 percent, followed by powder cocaine at 8.8 percent.

The changes to Spain's GDP are a result of new EU reporting requirements, meaning countries now have to provide details on what proportion of gross domestic product is based on activities as diverse as people smuggling, contraband cigarettes and prostitution.


France refused to provide data on prostitution, arguing that it was not necessarily carried out willingly. Sweden, where paying for sex is a crime, also refused. Italy on Monday published its own revised GDP figure, which rose by 3.8 percent when the new norms were applied. Britain has estimated that counting illegal activities could add €12.3 billion to its production, just below one percent of its GDP for 2013.

Monday 22 September 2014

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Peace agreement reached in conflict-stricken Yemen 

Yemeni government officials and Shia rebels signed a peace agreement on Sunday which included plans for an immediate ceasefire and the formation of a technocratic government within a month. Jamal Benomar, the UN's envoy to Yemen, said Saturday that the peace deal "will lay the foundations for national partnership and for security and stability in the country." Benomar struggled to broker a last-minute peace deal between Houthi rebels, a militant Shia movement, and the government.

Violence has raged for several days leaving more than 140 people dead and thousands displaced from their homes. The Houthi rebels seized numerous strategically important installations in Sana'a, including the defence ministry, the central bank, a key military base and Iman University. The Houthi leader, Abdelmalek al-Houthi, is calling for the transitional government in place since 2011 to be dissolved and replaced with a more effective and representative body;  for fuel subsidies cut in July to be reinstated; and for agreements made during peace talks that drew to a close in January to be implemented. The president, Abd Rabbu Mansour Hadi, has largely agreed to his demands.


After the 2012 Arab Spring protests saw the removal of leader Ali Abdullah Saleh, Yemen has witnessed a very instable transition to democracy including Houthi rebel groups and the spread of al Qaeda. 

Monday 15 September 2014

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Russia steps up military presence in the Arctic 

Six Navy ships, including the anti-submarine destroyer, two landing ships and support vessels, have set off for the New Siberian Islands, where an abandoned military base under reconstruction. The base was abandoned almost three decades ago and was reopened last year as part of Russia’s military build-up in the Arctic.

“The Arctic plays a very important role from the point of view of assuring security . . . because of that, first strike American nuclear submarines are concentrated there not far from the coast of Norway – the flight time of their missiles to Moscow is 15 to 15 minutes. But a significant portion of our naval submarine forces are there too.” President Vladimir Putin said in a speech to the Seliger patriotic summer camp.

The Canadian Prime Minister, Stephen Harper, has expressed his concerns about the growing military presence of Russia in the Arctic region. Though the Russia can be described as operating within international rules, Harper was clear that there can be no complacency about it. There have been reports of a fleet of nuclear-powered Russian submarines and icebreakers are patrolling the waters, and that Russian planes had transgressed the boundaries of Canadian airspace many times. Prime Minister Harper described Canada's position as being cautious. 


Russia’s Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov dismissed Canadian accusations as “nonsense”.“We have said many times that we will only act within the framework of international law [in the Arctic], as we have always done and are going to do in the future,” Putin said.

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Migrant death toll rises on route from Libya to Europe

Many migrants leaving Africa to escape instability have drowned near Tajoura, east of Tripoli. The migrants were attempting to cross the Mediterranean to reach safety in Europe.

Navy spokesman Ayub Qassem said 26 people had been rescued after the vessel, carrying 250 went down. Qassem said most of the migrants were Africans and many were women. The use of poorly crafted wooden boats overloaded with desperate migrants have resulted in hundreds of deaths. This most recent tragedy comes just weeks after a vessel carrying migrants sank on the route from Libya to Italy, killing 100 people. Two more migrant vessels have been reported to have sunk in the past few weeks.


Human traffickers are using the unstable atmosphere in Africa to exploit those who seek asylum in Europe. The underequipped Libyan coastguard is struggling to deal with the problem and have few resources to search for survivors. They are currently using fishing boats and tugs borrowed from the oil ministry. 

Friday 12 September 2014

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U.S. Air Marshal assaulted at Nigerian airport 

A U.S. air marshal was assaulted with a syringe containing an "unknown substance" at the Lagos airport in Nigeria on Sunday. There were fears that the syringe may have contained the Ebola virus that has claimed over 2,400 lives in western Africa. However officials have determined that the needle did not appear to contain Ebola or any other dangerous agent.

Officials from the Federal airports authority of Nigeria (FAAN) are in contact with U.S. diplomats to help with the investigation. Yakubu Dati, a spokesperson for FAAN said that a security team form the U.S. mission in Nigeria have reviewed CCTV footage and the Preliminary observation did not show evidence of the incident. The FBI continue to investigate the incident. 

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UK Military will now be relying on it's own media 


The British military devoting more of its resources to filming and photographing its own operations, leaving journalists who document the lives and actions of military personnel slightly out of the loop. It is argues that future conflict that will involve the British military will not likely be a boots on the ground situation like we witnessed in Afghanistan. Infrastructure will not be in place to support a mass of reporters, the documentation of these events will be in the hands of military journalists or “media operators” from the British Army’s Media Operations Group (MOG).

The MOG will be sharing its training facilities with 15 (UK) Psychological Operations Group under the banner of the newly-formed Security Assistance Group - a support Group for the British Army specialising in psyops, content creation, and propaganda. Although NATO's public affairs policy states that the two functions should operate separately. The move signifies a merger of the two contrasting military divisions, the MOG known for documenting objective truths and 15 PsyOps known for conveying what is known as the "dark arts", usually directing its material at an enemy's audience.

Monday 8 September 2014

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Monsoon floods hit India and Pakistan

A state of emergency has been declared in Pakistan as the annual monsoon season hits much harder than expected. The torrential monsoon rains have caused flash floods and landslides killing at least 120 people in India and 160 in Pakistan. The disaster has been reported as the worst weather crisis the region has witnessed in six decades.

In Pakistan at least 4,000 homes have been destroyed. Rescue workers and the army are using helicopters and boats to evacuate locals and have set up close to 50 camps to provide temporary shelter.


In India the heavy rains set off landslides, and Dozens of bridges have been damaged or washed away. At least 300 federal rescue workers have joined thousands of state police and soldiers to rescue tens of thousands of people stranded across the region. 

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Saboteur arrested at Iranian nuclear power plant 

Iranian authorities have arrested a Ukrainian national suspected of sabotage at the country's sole nuclear power plant. An Iranian newspaper, Hamshahri daily, said the "Ukrainian expert" was affiliated with a Russian contractor that works in the power plant. The report did not elaborate on the timing or nature of the alleged sabotage. Iran suspects Western countries of being involved in this plot. In 2010 Iran held Israel and the west responsible for cyber virus attacks which disrupted thousands of centrifuges, which are used in the production of fuel. The west and their allies suspect that Iran is using its power plant as a guise for a nuclear weapons programme.

UN inspectors have gained rare access to an Iranian nuclear facility, giving them a "better understanding" of Tehran's disputed programme. Despite the visit Iran continues to refuse an inspection headed by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Inspectors visited a research and development centre for centrifuges on 30 August. Iran says it will use it’s refined uranium to fuel a proposed series of power plants. If enriched to a high concentration of the U-235 isotope of uranium can also be turned into the explosive core of an atomic bomb. There is no evidence that Iran is planning to weaponise the uranium, but western countries continue to impose sanctions on Iran. 

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Ukraine’s ceasefire is close to collapsing 

Shelling and gun fire has erupted in Mariupol and city of Donetsk in eastern Ukraine on Sunday night. This comes after a Friday ceasefire agreement was reached in Minsk. More than 2,600 people have been killed since the conflict began in April. A battalion of Ukrainian fighters said that Grad rockets had been fired at its positions destroying at least one vehicle and setting a fuel station ablaze.

Separatist forces and Russian troops have been accused of targeting Ukrainian tanks just outside of the city. Both sides have blamed each other for violating the ceasefire. Tensions remain high in the region as Russian troops remain in the area, a claim supported by NATO. Military officials in Kiev speculate that the number of Russian troops still in Ukraine could be between 3,000 and 4,000.


On Saturday exercise Steadfast Javelin II was staged in Latvia. The exercise simulates a deployment of NATO forces and equipment in a crisis situation. NATO members and allied eastern European nations fear Russia could invade other Baltic countries and use the defence of Russian speakers a justification, like we saw in Crimea. In total, 2,000 soldiers from nine nations will be involved and further exercises will be carried out across five countries - Germany, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland. Further exercises in Germany, Norway, Ukraine, and Poland are scheduled for autumn.

Friday 5 September 2014

NATO Summit 2014



Newport, the third-biggest city in Wales, is this year’s home for the annual NATO summit. Barack Obama, David Cameron and 59 other world leaders will convene in Newport’s Celtic Manor Hotel.
Anti-war protesters were welcomed by the police and were appreciated for carrying out mostly peaceful demonstrations. Memories of violence from previous NATO summits meant police were not taking any chances. Metal barriers were used to prevent protesters from reaching the Celtic Manor resort, and police greatly outnumbered protesters.

An armoured personnel carrier, a tank and an F-35 life-sized model were on display in the Celtic Manor golf resort. A Ministry of Defence (MoD) spokesman said that the displays were intended to showcase British defence capability as well as the country's defence industry.

Eastern European NATO members, including Poland, have appealed to NATO to permanently station troops on their territory to deter possible Russian attack. But not all NATO members agreed with the idea. This is thought to be because of expenses involved and this move would likely breach a 1997 agreement with Russia under which NATO committed to not permanently station large combat forces close to the Russian border. Leaders have agree instead to provide caches of military equipment and resources, in eastern NATO countries with bases ready to receive the rapid reaction force in times needed.

NATO's top official accused Moscow on Thursday of attacking Ukraine, and escalating the conflict. France is to suspend delivery of a state-of-the-art Mistral warship to Russia in protest at Moscow's continued role in unrest in eastern Ukraine. Speaking on the side lines of a NATO summit in Wales, Poroshenko said the ceasefire would be conditional on a planned meeting going ahead in Minsk on Friday of envoys from Ukraine, Russia and Europe's OSCE security watchdog. Poroshenko "At 1400 local time (12:00 noon BST on Friday), provided the (Minsk) meeting takes place, I will call on the General Staff to set up a bilateral ceasefire and we hope that the implementation of the peace plan will begin tomorrow," he told reporters. Oleg Tsaryov, a senior rebel official “in the past we had some ceasefire agreements Poroshenko didn't honour"

Prime Minister David Cameron has warned fellow NATO leaders that they must not pay the requested ransoms to terrorist kidnappers. It comes after he said Britain will not pay a ransom for the UK hostage who Islamic State extremists (IS) are threatening to kill. IS are threatening the life of British aid worker David Cawthorne Haines who has been taken hostage. Nato Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen said: "I do believe the international community as a whole has an obligation to stop the Islamic State from advancing further."


How to stabilize Afghanistan when NATO forces leave at the year's end will also be up for discussion at the summit. Officials have commented that NATO leaders will set up a "spearhead" rapid reaction force, potentially including several thousand troops, that could be sent to a hotspot in as little as two days. 

Monday 1 September 2014

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ISIS chemical and biological weapon documents found

A laptop containing plans for the production and distribution of chemical and biological weapons has been linked to a member of ISIS. The laptop and its more than 35,000 files providing valuable insight into the Islamist State's inner workings. Within these files contained a 19-page document on how to develop biological weapons, including the bubonic plague. "Use small grenades with the virus, and throw them in closed areas like metros, soccer stadiums, or entertainment centers," the document says, reported Foreign Policy. "Best to do it next to the air-conditioning. It also can be used during suicide operations." US officials said the presence of documents on building biological weapons does not necessarily add up to an actual capability to use them.

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Western action against the Islamic State continues

Shia Turkomans living in the Iraqi city of Amirli have been cut off from food and water for nearly two months by Islamic State militants. The city has fortified its position and has been fighting off Islamic State forces since June. The US delivered aid to Amirli and conducted air strikes in the surrounding area hitting three Humvee patrol vehicles, a tank and an armed vehicle held by militants in addition to a checkpoint held by IS. The air strikes cleared a route in which Iraqi troops rescued 12,000 residents of the city.

Tony Abbott, the Prime Minister of Australia, has agreed to assist the US in delivering weapons and humanitarian aid to Kurdish fighters in Iraq. Australia will join Canada, Italy, France, and the United Kingdom in a multinational effort to curb the advance of Islamic State fighters in the region. The Australian government is not providing weapons itself but will be delivering the equipment supplied by other nations.


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Poroshenko fears the Ukraine conflict is reaching “the point of no return.”


Herman Van Rompuy, European Council President the European Union has given Russia one week to reverse course in Ukraine or face new sanctions. Western leaders say there is clear evidence of regular Russian military units operating inside Ukraine with heavy weapons. Russia denies that its forces have illegally crossed into Ukraine. NATO claimed on Thursday that Russia had sent air defence systems, artillery, tanks and armoured vehicles as well as 1,000 troops to support pro-Russia separatists.

Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko said "We are very close to the point of no return". German Chancellor Angela Merkel is hoping to seek a diplomatic solution to the issue and sees no military solution to the conflict. Poroshenko, visited Brussels to urge the EU to take tougher steps as the sanctions imposed by the west seem to do little to halt the advance of Russian forces. Poroshenko will travel to the NATO summit in Wales this week to meet the US president, Barack Obama, to possibly convince the alliance to take more practical action.

Monday 25 August 2014

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Unidentified air strikes kill 15 fighters in Libya

15 fighters have been killed and 30 others have been wounded by air strikes carried out by unidentified fighter jets. The air strikes targeted several militia positions in Tripoli, including the Interior ministry. The Libyan government has directed the military to investigate the source of the unknown air strikes. The air strikes came hours after forces from the city of Misrata said they had seized the main airport.

Most of Libya's neighbours met in Cairo today to discuss responses to the latest Libyan crisis. Fighting has greatly intensified in recent weeks as General Khalifa Haftar has declared war on Islamist militant forces in the war torn country. The General’s forces have been carrying out attacks on a group called Operation Dawn, which is the group who claimed to have captured the airport in Misrata.


The recent fighting has been reported as the worst seen since the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi in 2011.

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Underground volcanic eruption in Iceland

There has been a small volcanic eruption under Europe’s largest glacier in Iceland. No eruption has yet breached the surface of the glacier but on Saturday authorities raised the warning code for aviation to red, the highest level, and closed the airspace above the Bardarbunga volcano after the eruptions began. On Sunday Iceland lowered its aviation alert level from red to orange, implying that there is still the possibility of an above ground eruption but the threat was not imminent.

Thousands of earthquakes have been recorded under the glacier over the past week. An Icelandic police statement said "Because of pressure from the glacier cap, it is uncertain whether the eruption will stay sub-glacial or not." Authorities have previously warned that any eruption could result in flooding north of the glacier. Several hundred people have been evacuated from the surrounding area.


The 2010 eruption of the Eyjafjallajokull volcano produced an ash cloud that caused more than 100,000 flights to be cancelled across the UK and the rest of the world. 

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The Islamic State has set it's sights on expansion 

The Islamic state has pushed to secure the border between Turkey and Syria to act as a gateway for its recruits to enter the Caliphate. The Turkish government is being pressured by British politicians to put a stop to crossing of new Islamic State recruits. Islamic state fighters have begun to move up from Syria towards the Turkish border. They advance in columns of armoured trucks that were looted from abandoned Iraqi military bases. 

Dr Hisham al-Hashimi, an Iraqi expert on Isis said "If [the Turkish border] is closed, it will cut three things: funding, an entrance for the foreign fighters and links to Europe which they are trying to open. If those plans are destroyed, they will aim for another gate to Lebanon." Islamic State fighters withdrew from areas north of Homs and have travelled east after a battle between themselves and Nusra Front, Syria’s branch of al Qaeda. The Islamic state has found opposition with western backed fighters in Syria and Iraq and also other Islamic militants like Nusra Front.


The paramilitary wing of the Kurdistan Worker's Party (PKK) - which was once declared a terrorist organisation by the U.S. - is now fighting alongside soldiers from Iraqi Kurdistan known as the Peshmega. The two forces along with U.S. air support have been successful in slowing the advance of Islamic State forces in some areas in Iraq. 

Friday 22 August 2014

We’ve heard of Global Warming, but what the hell is Global Dimming?



We should all now be aware of the concept of climate change. Not only has it become part of mainstream science but its claim to impending global catastrophe has given the theory a very distinctive role in mainstream politics. We have been taught that the increase in atmospheric CO2 produced by man-made and natural causes has the potential to prevent solar energy from escaping into space, resulting in higher global temperatures known as the greenhouse effect. The theory of global warming is accepted worldwide; encouraging businesses to take corporate responsibility for their carbon emissions and has been a catalyst for international organisations such as the Center for Climate and Energy Solutions. What we pay less attention to is the other climate phenomenon that appears to be opposing the effects of Global warming.

The particles released into the atmosphere from centuries of burning coal, oil and wood have combined with water droplets in clouds; by acting as a base the airborne particulates made up of soot, ash, and sulphur compounds encourage more water droplets to form in clouds.

The clouds formed from the particle and water droplet combination have been slowly reducing the amount of sun that reaches the earth’s surface by reflecting solar rays back into space. This is happening at a rate of roughly 2% every 10 years.

Global dimming was first discovered by Gerry Stanhill, an English climate scientist carrying out research in Israel. Stanhill was comparing Israel’s recordings of sunlight in the 1950s with more recent ones. Stanhill found that there was a decrease in sunlight by 22%. He published his research in 2001 but other climate scientists were sceptical of his results. It was not until years later when a team of Australian scientists confirmed Stanhill’s findings when they reached the same conclusions using a different method.

Experts in climate science have not been able to rule out that natural weather variations have contributed to global dimming, but there are strong correlations between the intensity of cloud cover and trends in atmospheric pollution.

In some locations such as Lerwick, UK no dimming has been recorded whereas continuous dimming has been observed in Hong Kong. Industrial activity in the UK diminished a number of decades ago and the vast majority of Industry relocated to countries like China and India. 

Although the two climate processes have so far been apposing each other. Global dimming is a danger to us. Anup Shah who writes for Global Issues wrote “The pollutants that lead to global dimming also lead to various human and environmental problems, such as smog, respiratory problems, and acid rain.” The reflective clouds produced by global dimming shield the oceans from the sun’s radiation, making waters in the northern hemisphere much cooler. Cooler oceans mean less water evaporation and, in a cruel twist of irony, the poor water evaporation generates a reduced amount of water vapour. Global dimming may be disrupting global weather patterns and is likely responsible for the 1970s and 80s African droughts which claimed hundreds of thousands of lives. 

"My main concern is global dimming is also having a detrimental impact on the Asian monsoon . . . We are talking about billions of people." Prof Veerhabhadran Ramanathan, one of the world's leading climate scientists.

The dimming effect of increased cloud cover is likely to be cancelling out a proportion of the greenhouse effect introduced by growing global CO2 emissions.  However as the international community has encouraged the reduction of pollutants, the shielding effect of global dimming will also be reduced and the planet may begin to observe the greatly amplified effects of global warming. Many countries in Europe have taken steps to reduce their pollutant producing emissions, but reducing air pollution may have tipped the scale in Global warming’s favour and resulted in the 2003 European heatwave. The surge in temperatures created forest fires in Portugal and killed thousands in France.

In short, the burning of fossil fuels and a geographical shift and intensification of industrial activity has contributed to two unstable environmental phenomenon; global warming and global dimming. The two have mostly cancelled each other out, but if climate science and international policy are to combat one they must combat both or we risk further upsetting the balance and causing irreversible damage to the planet and our way of life.

References
Clark, D (2012) What is Global Dimming?, The Guardian, accessed 15/08/2014 [Online] available from: http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2012/may/11/global-dimming-pollution
Conserve Energy Future (2014) What is Global Dimming?, accessed 15/08/2014 [Online] available from: http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-and-effects-of-global-dimming.php
Haywood, J (2013) Global Dimming, Met Office, accessed 15/08/2014 [Online] available from: http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate-change/guide/science/explained/dimming
Horizon (2005) Global Dimming, BBC, accessed 15/08/2014 [Online] available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/sn/tvradio/programmes/horizon/dimming_prog_summary.shtml

Shah, A (2005) Global Dimming, Global Issues, accessed 15/08/2014 [Online] available from: http://www.globalissues.org/article/529/global-dimming

Monday 18 August 2014

What's in the Headlines?



Suicide Bomber attacks U.N. base in Mali

Two U.N. peacekeepers were killed and nine others injured in a suicide attack on a patrol base in northern Mali. MINUSMA (the UN Multidimensional Stabilisation Mission in Mali) official said that both the soldiers who died were from neighbouring Burkina Faso. A pick-up truck laden with explosives drove into the UN camp in Ber, 50km (30 miles) east of Timbuktu, on Saturday. Eye witness "There was no checkpoint. The bomber was able to drive the vehicle right into the camp, among the tents, before blowing himself up."
It comes after three other international peacekeepers - two Bangladeshi, one Chadian - were injured when their vehicles drove over mines in two separate incidents at the end of last week.

Troops from former colonial power France intervened in Mali last year in an attempt to drive back Islamists who had taken advantage of an uprising in the north of the West African country.

There have so far been three weeks of talks between the Malian government and Tuareg separatist rebels in July and August, which were mediated by the Algerian government. Talks aimed at drawing up a road map for peace are due to resume in September.

Source:


What's in the Headlines?



Germany has been caught spying on John Kerry

Der Spiegel have said that the German foreign intelligence agency recorded at least one of John Kerry’s phone conversations after “accidentally” picking up the phone call. German officials have condemned the U.S. for past surveillance carried out on the German population. BND (Germany’s Federal Intelligence Service) intercepted Kerry’s Middle East negotiations with the Israelis, the Palestinians, and other Arab states last year.

German security agents have also been accused of tapping a conversation held between Hillary Clinton and former U.N. chief Kofi Annan regarding negotiations in Syria. The conversation was tapped in 2012 when Clinton was Secretary of State and was later destroyed. German media retrieved the information from documents passed to the CIA by one of its informants inside the BND.

Regional broadcasters NDR said on Friday “apparently, phone calls by US politicians and from other friendly nations have been repeatedly recorded and submitted to the respective BND President as instructed”. A discovery of documents showed the German government had ordered the BND to spy on NATO partner states, these countries were not named. However, Der Spiegel revealed on Saturday that the BND had been spying on Turkey since 2009. The German government supposedly reviews its espionage program every four years but did not modify its priorities after the Edward Snowden-NSA scandal

What's in the Headlines?



Jay Nixon has chosen to escalate force in Ferguson, Missouri

Governor Jay Nixon signed an executive order early this morning to send the national guard into Ferguson to "help restore peace and order and to protect the citizens of Ferguson". The escalation in force has come after an autopsy report that Michael Brown was in face shot six times, including twice in the head. The police officer who shot Michael Brown has been named as Darren Wilson, after an alleged scuffle in Wilson’s patrol car.

Captain Ron Johnson said protesters had fired weapons and thrown petrol bombs at police officers before midnight when the Sunday night curfew began. More people have been injured as businesses have been looted and vandalised by some attending the protests, and police have continued to use tear gas and rubber bullets to disperse crowds.  

Nixon declared a state of emergency at a press conference on Saturday. He imposed an overnight curfew that came into effect at Midnight. The move came after reports of a group of looters smashing windows and looting three stores on Friday night. Amnesty international condemned curfews as the tool of dictators and were in Ferguson to monitor the activity of Police and demonstrators.

Footage of Michael Brown stealing a packet of cigars was believed to have sparked the violence on Friday.
Police officers in riot gear and armed with assault rifles fired tear gas at the 200 protesters who defied the curfew on Saturday night. This came after Captain Ron Johnson from Missouri state highway patrol was quoted saying “We won’t enforce it with teargas.” Seven people were arrested for failing to disperse. A man was shot, and is in a critical condition, but police do not know who by. A police car was also shot at. Some protesters were seen destroying kerb stones to throw at police. Captain Ron Johnson later said that teargas was fired only because police received intelligence that people with guns were on the roof of a barbecue restaurant, awaiting officers.

Friday 15 August 2014

A Guide to Legitimate Descent





Protests are used as a means to voice an opinion that may otherwise go unheard. Demonstrating in the street is not the only way to achieve this goal. Some people prefer to use music and the arts to get their point across. Others, such as myself, use the written word but it really doesn’t matter what median you choose as long as it is effective and authentic. Our world needs people to express their opinions, it is an essential part of any human society because it is a means for change, and like good Heraclitus said “The only thing that is constant is change.”

We now have unprecedented access to the internet where we can sign e-petitions, join all manners of message boards, and participate in group discussions on social media websites. But nothing makes a statement like 100,000 people parading through the heart of a city holding pickets covered in colourful slogans, while chanting, and pissing off the regular commuters. You may be reading this thinking back to a time when those damned protesters disrupted your travel plans, but that’s kind of the point. You are supposed to take notice. How else are you going to find out that this many people oppose David Cameroon’s latest ridiculous policy? From a biased news organisation that has its own agenda (Future proprietors, don’t let this affect my employment chances)? If it does nothing else it makes you wonder, if these people feel so strongly about it that they are willing to call in sick to participate, than maybe not everything is as it seems.

In most countries there is no law banning the peaceful assembly of a group, there may be instances where activist groups are asked to inform the authorities if they are planning a demonstration, but I always figured that these are situations of "We are informing you as required, but this is going ahead whether you like it or not." unless there is a potential for a major public disturbance than the right-to-protest point of view should very well be exercised.  

What about when a protest group is confronted by an opposition group? Surely both sides have the right to voice their opinions, but this meeting of the minds contains within it the potential for violence. In these instances it might be reasonable to disperse an opposing group. This would not be a breach of their right to assemble but a precaution to avoid a very dangerous situation. There have been occasions where attempts to separate groups with opposing ideals have been unsuccessful; The English Defence League often come up against United Against Fascism but of course both groups have a right to voice their opinions; the Euro maiden demonstrations in Ukraine that managed to oust former President Viktor Yanukovych later met resistance against pro-Russian groups and has now escalated into a bloody civil war.

On many occasions in the last decade, we have seen a number of struggles reach a point where violence increases on both sides and the stakes are dramatically raised. The intensification turns one side into rebels, freedom fighters, or terrorists depending on their political alignment, and bears characteristics common with rapid destabilization of social services, infrastructure and a peaceful way of life. The Arab Spring was triggered by Tunisian fruit vendor Mohamed Bouazizi, who set himself on fire after harassment by government officials. The region wide conflict that followed has shown us what can result from a socio-political movement given the right atmosphere.

After witnessing the events of the past few years it is quite clear that demonstrations can go very wrong (or very right depending on your perspective), however the examples discussed cannot be used as justification to take away a person’s right to seek alternatives. The examples definitely do not justify law enforcement treating demonstrators as criminals. During the Toronto G20 in 2010 over 1000 people were arrested for various disturbance charges. 1000 arrests make it seem like the protesters were breaking all kinds of laws but it turned out that only a few dozen were actually convicted. This sounds more like Marshall Law rather than police upholding order.  Do the Police have the ability to enact Marshall Law in times of mass protest? Some authorities seem to have the ability to call an act into effect when they feel it is necessary. So the evidence would point to a possible yes.

An example of this would be during the 2011 demonstrations in Montreal, when on many occasions the police chose to call the assemblies unlawful and went on to threaten that if the crowd did not disperse participants would be arrested. What the police failed to realise was that these people weren't going anywhere, and they knew the Police did not have legitimate grounds for arrest, so instead the authorities adopted tactics of violence and intimidation. The protesters acted in kind.  
    
Before you misunderstand me, this is no anti-law enforcement rant. In a lot of cases, police have no choice but to use violence on protesters. Now that isn't because they must match violence with violence, but it’s due to the orders that have been passed down through the chain of command. Intentional intimidation is the state’s response to large groups of people who are preaching an alternative way of life. The suppression of change is a way of maintaining order, and it is done by downplaying a demonstration as a rabble of angry hooligans with nothing better to do.  

Don’t ever be afraid to pursue alternatives and ask hard questions. Change has to start somewhere.


References:

STEVE LEVINE (2013) 10 Reasons Why Everyone Is Protesting, Accesses 17/07/14 [Online] Available from: http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/07/10-reasons-why-everyone-is-protesting/277470/

Patparazzi aka Eye of the City (2012) "Droit de Cité" - Where is our right to protest going? Youtube, Accesses 09/07/14 [Online] Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=92VH01UqZA4

Press For Truth (2011) Into the Fire, Youtube, Accesses 12/07/14 [Online] Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zejD0UkMGGY

What's in the Headlines?






Russian convoy approaches Ukrainian Border

A Russian convoy of 280 military trucks carrying 2,000 tonnes of water, food and other humanitarian aid is making its way towards the Ukrainian Boarder. Kiev reiterated that the convoy could not cross the border until Ukrainian authorities had cleared its cargo.

The humanitarian aid will be delivered to the Luhansk region in eastern Ukraine, which is mostly held by Separatists Forces. Ukraine’s government is sceptical over Russia’s intentions to provide humanitarian aid. Some officials fear that this move could be disguising a Russian plan to invade Eastern Ukraine.


Russian military vehicles supposedly in support of the aid convoy have crossed the Ukrainian border. The aid convoy has remained at the border. A convoy of 23 armoured personnel carriers, supported by fuel trucks and other logistics vehicles crossed the border on Thursday night. Russia has so far denied any military involvement with separatist rebels in Ukraine. 

What's in the Headlines?




Demonstrators clash with Police in Missouri 

Hundreds marched through the streets of Ferguson in Missouri demanding justice for the Police shooting of an unarmed 18 year old male. Police have withheld the name of the office involved with the shooting. Michael Brown was shot and killed by a police officer on Saturday in a Ferguson suburb.

Police officers equipped with riot gear and assault rifles cracked down on the protesters when glass bottles were thrown from the crowd on the fourth night of demonstrations. Police used tear gas and military-style tactics to disperse crowds and arrest a number of people.

Reporters from the Washington Post and the Huffington Post were among those arrested. A camera crew from al-Jazeera America said they were shot by rubber bullets.

Many other demonstrators were shocked at the excessive force used by the police. One protester said “This amount of force was unwarranted. This is an abuse of force. No one is firing guns at them or running at them. This is an overreach.”


Jay Nixon, Governor of Missouri has handed policing responsibility of the protests over to the Highway Patrol. Protesters have responded to the “softer front” of the Highway Patrol and tensions have died down. Although removed from protest duty St. Louis County Police have been tasked with investigating the Death of Michael Brown. 

What's in the Headlines?



Iraqi civilians will remain on Mount Sinjar


U.S. called off their military mission to extract Iraqi civilians from Mount Sinjar. Further analysis has revealed there are less civilians on Mount Sinjar than first estimated. The air strikes carried out on the Islamic State militants has been successful in drawing forces away from the civilian population. Air drops will continue to provide the Iraqi civilians with food water and medicine.  

David Cameron approves British military presence in the area “So what you need to do is have plans that are flexible enough to respond to that situation . . . That is why the Chinooks are there. That's why our Tornados are there.” Both David Cameron and Nick Clegg have agreed on plans to join France in supplying arms to Kurdish fighters. Nadhim Zahawi, a Conservative MP said “The Kurdish president has made it very clear to western allies that he doesn't need their boys and girls on the ground. He just said give us the weapons and the wherewithal and the air cover and they will take this fight to Isis.” Britain and U.S. will maintain a military presence in Northern Iraq for the foreseeable future.


Up to two million civilians who have been displaced by the Islamic State’s activities still remain in the Kurdistan region. The United Nations declared the situation a Level 3 emergency, which is its highest level of assessment.

Monday 11 August 2014

What's in the Headlines?




Scottish Independence 

On 18th September voters in Scotland will be asked "Should Scotland be an independent country?" A poll from the Scottish Daily Mail newspaper said 50 percent of respondents planned to vote against independence. This is the highest percentage of respondents against Scottish independence since February. The spike in UK supporters has been attributed to the Tuesday debate between Alex Salmond of the pro-independence campaign and Alistair Darling of the Better together campaign. Salmond did not have an adequate response to how an independent Scotland proposed to keep the pound. British government have made it clear that there would be no currency union between an independent Scotland and the rest of the UK.

Republican and Democratic members of the United States Congress have joined forces to encourage Scotland not to vote for independence referring to the ‘special relationship’ held between the United States and the United Kingdom. Republican congressman Ed Royce told Huffington Post that “It is crucial for both our nations to continue our close cooperation on key diplomatic, security, economic, and human rights concerns. A strong, unified United Kingdom has been a leader in the world and I look forward to continuing our valuable partnership." Barack Obama has also shown his support for the UK when he said he wanted to see Britain remain “united”.

What's in the Headlines?



Ebola


The death toll mounted to more than 961 individuals, with nearly 30 deaths occurring on Tuesday and Wednesday alone. Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and most recently Nigeria have been effected by the most severe outbreak since the virus was discovered. The World Health Organisation have asked leaders of effected countries to activate national disaster mechanisms. Director-General Dr. Margaret Chan said that Ebola “is an infectious disease which can be contained . . . by no means implies that all countries, or that many countries, will see Ebola cases."

The US Food and Drug Administration has lifted regulatory holds on the experimental drug that Tekmira Pharmaceuticals has been developing for Ebola outbreaks. The experimental drug has shown the ability to protect non-human primates from Ebola. Human trials began in January, however full FDA approval is yet to be given.

The two US aid workers who contracted Ebola remain in isolation in Atlanta. Officials say they have been given an experimental drug known as ZMapp. The health of the two aid workers is said to be improving. Returning aid workers who have worked in Ebola affected countries are being placed in a three week quarantine by Health Officials in North Carolina.